Abstract Background Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a useful tool for functional characterizations of plant genes. However. the penetrance of VIGS varies depending on the genes to be silenced. and has to be evaluated by examining the transcript levels of target genes. https://www.spidertattooz.com/AleSmith-Beachwood-Tower-of-Flower-IPA-Collaboration-4pk-16oz/